Not all ancient civilisations were primitive; some were highly developed and capable of amazing feats of engineering. Using expert techniques that have baffled historians and architects of the modern day, these engineering marvels have stood the test of time. Without a doubt, these amazing engineering accomplishments required a great deal of technical expertise, inventiveness and manpower.
We take you to some of the most exquisite engineering marvels around the world, which you ought to visit at least once in your lifetime.
Borobudur Temple in Indonesia
The biggest Buddhist temple in the world, Borobudur, was concealed until 1835 by layers of volcanic ash and jungle growth. Its construction and original purpose remain largely unknown, despite its massive size. Made with andesite, a volcanic rock that was brought in from surrounding quarries and cut, moved, and laid without cement, Borobudur is believed to have been built over 75 years. Thousands of sculpted reliefs on its walls provide possible historical hints.
Leshan Giant Buddha in China
The Leshan Giant Buddha, which is carved into red sandstone cliffs in southwest China, took 90 years to complete during the Tang Dynasty. It is the highest Buddha statue in the world, standing at 233 feet. The monument’s sophisticated drainage system prevents erosion, and its massive features, including 23-foot ears and feet huge enough to hold 100 people, demonstrate the artistry of the time.
Ellora Caves in Maharashtra
Home to monasteries and temples sculpted from volcanic basalt stone, it is one of India’s holiest places. A 104-foot-tall rock-cut edifice, thought to be the tallest of its kind, is the centrepiece: the Kailasa Temple. Complex architectural elements found in the temple include carved reliefs, bases, and beams. The magnificent Ellora Caves, which are close to Aurangabad, display the skill and religious devotion of ancient India.
Moai in Easter Island (Polynesia)
One of the most confusing ancient monuments in history is the mysterious Moai statues on Easter Island. These more than 800 monolithic figures were carved over a year by hand with primitive stone tools known as “toki” and placed atop chieftains’ tombs. Historians have been baffled by the logistical marvel of moving these enormous figures, most weighing as much as 80 tonnes into their proper locations for ages. Suggested theories include rolling them on logs or swinging them side to side to simulate walking.
Sacsayhuaman or Saqsaywaman in Peru
A sacred Incan structure made of enormous rocks weighing up to 125 tonnes each once stood at Sacsayhuaman, an archaeological wonder tucked in Peru. The walls are so perfectly aligned that not even a piece of paper can be placed in between them. They are made of dried stones that have been placed in a zigzag pattern. The stones’ nearly two-mile journey from the quarry to the site, has historians scratching their heads over the creative ways they used, adding to the mystique of this site.
Batu Caves, Malaysia
Batu Caves, located just north of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, is a renowned limestone hill featuring a series of caves and cave temples. This iconic site is dedicated to Lord Murugan, a Hindu deity, and is famous for its massive golden statue, which stands at 42.7 meters. Visitors ascend 272 colorful steps to reach the main cave, offering stunning views and a vibrant atmosphere filled with monkeys. The site hosts the annual Thaipusam festival, attracting thousands of devotees. With its rich cultural significance and breathtaking natural beauty, Batu Caves is a must-visit destination for travelers exploring Malaysia’s diverse heritage.
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