UPSC Civil Services Mains exam syllabus: Persian

Paper I

There will be two questions which must be answered in Persian. The remaining questions must be answered either in Persian or in the medium of examination opted by the candidate.

Section A

Description of the origin and development of Persian language (to be answered in Persian). Applied Grammar, Rhetorics, Prosody, Idioms and Phrases frequently used.

Grammar: Ism and its kinds, Zamir-e-Muttasil and Munfasil, Murakkabi-Tausifi, Murakkab-i-Izafi, Ismi-Ishara, Musharun Elaih, Fel and its kinds, Tenses, Gardan, singular and plural, Jumleh and its kinds.

Rhetorics: Tajnees, Ishteqaq, Luzum-ma-la-yalzum, seyaqatul Aadad, Qalb, Tarsee, Esteaara, Maratun Nazir, Laff-o-Nashr, Iham, Husn-i-Taalil, Tajahuli-Aarefaneh, Talmih, Tansiqus Sifat.

Prosody: Bahri-Muzara, Ramal, Mutaqarib, Tawil, Hazaj, Kamil.

Section B

Short essay in Persian-250 words (to be answered in Persian).

History of Persian Literature in Iran and India; Literary criticism and styles; trends in classical and modern literature; socio-cultural influences, development of modern literary genres including drama, novel, short story.

Paper II

There will be two compulsory questions - one each in textual portions of prose and poetry which are to be answered in Persian. The remaining questions are to be answered either in Persian or in the medium of examination opted by the candidate.

This paper will require first hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate’s critical ability.

Section A: Prose

Nizami Aroozi Samarqandi - Chahar Maqala: Dabiri, Shaairi

Qabus.b, Washmgir - Qabus Nama: Dar Shinakhtan-e-Haqq-e-Pidar-wa- Madar, Dar Bishi Justan Az Sukhandani, Dar Talib Ilmi Wa Faqih Wa Fuqaha

Sadi Shirazi - Gulistan: Dar Tasir-e-Suhbat

Moh. Awfi - Jawameul Hikayat: First Ten Hikayaat

Ziauddin Burney - Tarikh-i-Firozshahi: Wasaya-i-Sultan Balban Be Farzand-e-Buzurg

Abul Fazl - Ain-e-Akbari: Ain-Khazina-i-Abadi, Ain-e-Shabistan-e-Iqbal, Ain-e-Manzil Dar Yurisha, Ain-e-Cheragh Afrozi

Sadiq-i-Hedayat: Dash Akul, Girdab

Mohd. Hijazi : Khudkushi, Pezeshk-e-Chashm

Section B: Poetry

Firadausi - Shahnama: Rustam-o-Sohrab

Khayyam: Rubaaiyat, Radif Alif and Be

Saadi Shirazi - Bustan: Dar Adl-u-Tadbir-u-Rai,

Amir Khusrau: Majmua-i-Diwan-e-Khusrau, Radif Dal

Maulana Rum: Mathnawi Maanawi, First Half of Daftar Duwwum

Hafiz: Radif Alif and Dal

Urfi Shirazi - Qasaaid: Iqbal-e-Karam Migazad Arbabi-Himam Ra, Har Sukhta Jane Ki Ba Kashmir Dar Ayad, Sabah-e-Idd Ke Dar Takiyagah-e-Naz-u-Naeem

Ghalib: Ghazaaliyat, Radif Alif

Bahar Mashhadi: Jughd-e-Jung, Sukoot-e-Shab, Damawandiye, Dukhtar-e-Basra

Furugh-e-Farrukhzad: Dar Barabad-e-Khuda, Diw-e-Shab

Nimayushij: Qu, Khar-Kan

Note: Textual portions of prose and poetry must be explained in Persian only.