Choose the biome you want to build your city in.
In the latest update, you can choose a small number of seeds from a picture list. Usually people prefer the Superflat biome and the terrain, as the name suggests, is flat. However, some people prefer to build in other biomes (Forests, hills, etc...) to give the city a more natural look. Keep in mind that terrains except for Superflat may need moderate to heavy terraforming. An existing plains, desert or village will provide a place that you can build your structures with the least difficulty. Rugged mountains and natural tunnels can provide suitable funnel points to build walls and doors for security. These will make it more difficult for mobs to attack your team, or vandalize your structures.
Terraform the terrain.
Make sure you have a flat surface to start with. Since houses of any city conventionally need to be built on a single level, or in other words, the base of the house needs to be flat, it is essential to terraform the terrain. Terraforming can be on a large scale (for the whole city/block) or on an individual, per-house scale. Apart from making building convenient, terraforming also carries an aesthetic value if done properly. (Note: Terraforming can also cover up naturally spawned water bodies which may hinder the construction.)
Create a system of roads.
Without a well-designed system of roads, players won't be able to go anywhere. Create functional roads that allow for many people to walk at the same time. If you would like an alternate mode of transportation for the people who live in your city, include a Minecart path in the middle of the roads. This makes it so that people can walk or ride the Minecarts to where they need to go.
Build homes.
When designing homes, think of a design and layout that's aesthetically pleasing and functional. You can either choose common materials (e.g wood, cobblestone, glass) or choose materials that fit your city's theme. Build homes that are big enough for one person to live comfortably but small enough for many homes to fit on one road. Use height to your advantage. Put multiple rooms of the same size on top of each other to make a home that can house more than one person while using the least amount of space. Make sure your home includes the basic structures for a person to live comfortably. A bed, chest, crafting table, and furnace are needed for a person to survive in Minecraft. Start with the basic skeleton of the buildings, and add details later. For example, if you're building a hotel, you might want to just create the walls (don't fill them in yet) and place blocks where you want your different levels to be.
Create farms.
The people who live in your city will need food to survive. Good crops to grow are wheat, potatoes, beets, and carrots. Watermelon is also a good crop to grow as it is a fast and renewable food source. Make sure to include water in your farm design as it will help your crops grow faster and more efficiently.
Create a mine.
As your city grows, it'll need resources like stone, iron, coal, and ores. Fence off an area of your city to be a mine. There, mine down using your preferred method. Make sure to store the things you obtain in a chest or some other method of storage.
Build a school.
Your city's school should include at least one classroom with a lectern. Build multiple classrooms on top of one another to make your school more realistic and spacious. If you want to make your school even more realistic, you can build some of the common rooms found in a school such as a cafeteria, gym, or music room.
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