In today’s fast-paced and ever-evolving job market, employers are not just interested in hiring candidates with degrees from prestigious institutions like the Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT) or the Indian Institutes of Management (IIM), they now prioritise hiring candidates with specific skill sets.
Despite the widespread recognition of IITs for academic excellence and coveted placement opportunities, recent worrisome reports have revealed that they are not delivering as per their ranking and perception. Thousands of students dream of attending IITs every year, but only 20-25 per cent are fortunate enough to pass the JEE Advanced exam. Those who secure admission pursue academic excellence and eagerly await the placement season, with an eye on big-ticket jobs.
However, the 2024 placement season has been described as “lacklustre” by IIT students. This is a worrying situation in IIT-Bombay, which is ranked third among engineering institutes in India by NIRF. According to the Global IIT Alumni Support Group, nearly 36 per cent of students were unable to secure jobs for the 2024 placements. Although IIT-Bombay contested this report, stating that only 6.1 per cent of students remained unplaced, the situation is still concerning.
The Global IIT Alumni Support Group data shows that nearly 30-40 per cent of IIT students are still unplaced in the top-ranked eight older IITs like Bombay, Delhi, Kanpur, and others, while around 50-60 per cent of students are still unplaced in the 15 newer IITs like BHU (Varanasi), Ropar, and others.
The unemployment crisis in India is particularly acute among educated youth. The cost of an engineering degree remains at Rs 8-10 lakh, yet the placement rate remains around 30 per cent. Furthermore, there is an influx of MBA degree holders entering the market, even though the demand has dropped by 55 per cent this year. This raises the question of the value of a college/university degree.
Being highly educated is no guarantee of employment in India, as the International Labor Organisation (ILO) report reveals. Nearly 83 per cent of those unemployed in India are young, and among these unemployed young Indians, nearly 66 per cent are educated. According to the ILO report, the “youth unemployment rate has increased with the level of education, with the highest rates among those with a graduate degree or higher.” On the other hand, those without university degrees or even school dropouts have a higher employment rate. Several highly educated youths have set an example by choosing the path of niche entrepreneurship, proudly titling it MBA Chaiwalas and Chatwalas.
Despite the promise of creating 100 million jobs through the flagship ‘Make in India’ initiative, the expected job creation did not materialise in the last 10 years. Raghuram Rajan, the former governor of the Reserve Bank of India, has emphasised the need to make the workforce more employable and create jobs. Every year, around 7-8 million young Indians enter the workforce, but many remain unemployed.
It is a proven fact that our youth with higher education degrees are not well-skilled. One of the main reasons why skills are more important than higher degrees is because they are directly applicable to the job at hand. A candidate with a degree may have a broad understanding of a subject, but without the specific skills needed to perform the job, they may struggle to succeed. On the other hand, a candidate with the right set of skills, even if they don’t have a higher degree, may be able to hit the ground running and perform exceptionally well. For example, gig skill courses like digital marketing and beauty-wellness are available for around Rs 30,000 to 50,000 and have a placement scope of over 90 per cent.
Gig economy offers a shot
The gig economy in India is vibrant, skill-driven and bucking the unemployed youths. According to a report by gig work platform Taskmo (which has over 7,50,000 gig workers registered), youth participation in the gig economy has increased an astounding eightfold between 2019 and 2022, with most of the young people coming from tier-I and tier-II cities.
In 2022, a projection report by NITI Aayog on the gig economy predicted a higher demand for skilled gig workers in the future. Areas such as digital marketing, social media management, logistics, healthcare, and beauty-wellness will be in high demand, reflecting the diverse needs of employers and the evolution of the job market. The gig workforce is expected to expand to 23.5 million by 2029-30, from 7.7 million in 2021-22.
It’s fascinating to see that a professionally trained gig worker, such as a hairdresser, can earn more than an MBA or IITian. Jawed Habib, a hairstylist expert entrepreneur, is an excellent example of this. With his global exposure, he’s inspiring young people to envision beauty wellness as a profession of the future.
It’s important to note that having a higher degree is no longer the only way to get hired or advance in a career. Employers are increasingly looking for candidates with specific skills that are directly applicable to the job and can help the company succeed. Therefore, it’s crucial to focus on market-driven gig skill sets.
The writer is Co-Founder and MD, of Orane International, a Training Partner with the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC), Network Member of India International Skill Centres, an initiative of GoI. Views expressed in the above piece are personal and solely that of the author. They do not necessarily reflect News18’s views.
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