Psoriasis, a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by the rapid turnover of skin cells, is a significant health concern affecting a notable portion of India’s population. Estimates suggest that between 0.44% and 2.8% of people in India live with this condition, with a clear predominance in adults. A striking feature of this prevalence is the notable gender disparity, where men are reported to be twice as likely to develop psoriasis compared to women.
Dr Rashmi Aderao, dermatology consultant, Pune’s Ruby Hall Clinic delves into the factors behind this disparity and examines the broader impact of psoriasis on affected individuals.
In India, the prevalence of psoriasis varies widely, reflecting regional differences and varying access to healthcare. The majority of cases emerge in adults, typically between the ages of 15 and 35. However, psoriasis is not limited to these age groups and can present at any stage of life, indicating that the condition poses a concern for a broad demographic.
The pronounced difference in psoriasis rates between men and women prompts a closer examination of several potential influencing factors.
- Hormonal DynamicsHormonal variations might significantly impact psoriasis risk. Estrogen, more prevalent in women, is known for its anti-inflammatory effects, which might offer a protective advantage against autoimmune disorders like psoriasis. In contrast, testosterone, which is more common in men, may enhance inflammatory processes, thereby increasing susceptibility to psoriasis.
- Genetic FactorsGenetics likely play a crucial role in psoriasis susceptibility. Although research is ongoing, evidence suggests that men may inherit specific genetic markers that elevate their risk. Certain genes involved in immune regulation and skin cell turnover may be more prevalent in men, contributing to their higher incidence of psoriasis.
- Environmental and Occupational FactorsMen, particularly in the Indian context, often encounter environmental and occupational exposures that could trigger psoriasis. These include stress, smoking, alcohol consumption, and exposure to harsh chemicals or prolonged sun exposure. Such factors not only contribute to the onset of psoriasis but can also exacerbate existing symptoms.
- Immune System VariationsMen and women exhibit different immune system responses. Men’s immune systems are often more prone to vigorous inflammatory reactions, which can lead to a higher incidence of autoimmune conditions, including psoriasis. This enhanced inflammatory response could be a key reason for the increased prevalence among men.The higher incidence of psoriasis in men carries significant implications for their overall well-being. Men are more likely to suffer from severe forms of the disease, which can lead to increased physical discomfort and a higher likelihood of developing complications such as psoriatic arthritis. Additionally, societal expectations often place pressure on men to be the primary breadwinners, leading them to postpone or avoid treatment. This can exacerbate their condition and contribute to a worsening cycle of health problems.
The psychological impact of psoriasis on men can be profound. The visible nature of the disease, combined with societal stigma, often results in feelings of shame, social isolation, and depression. These mental health challenges are frequently intensified by the chronic nature of psoriasis and its physical effects, making it crucial for affected men to seek comprehensive care and support.Psoriasis presents a multifaceted challenge in India, with significant differences in prevalence and impact across genders. Understanding the underlying factors contributing to these disparities is essential for improving treatment and support for those affected. As research continues to unravel the complexities of psoriasis, it is vital to address both the physical and psychological needs of individuals living with this condition, particularly focusing on the unique challenges faced by men
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