Numerous ways are accessible for women to deal with unwanted pregnancy. Contraceptive pills, commonly known as oral contraceptives (OCs), being the preferred choice for over 150 million women globally. These pills primarily contain artificial hormones. Studies indicate potential risks and adverse effects beyond their contraceptive benefits. A Canadian research team recently delved into the impact of birth control pills, particularly oral contraceptives, on the human brain. The study investigated the effects of short-term and long-term use of these contraceptives, exploring how exposure to either natural or synthetic sex hormones influenced the brain’s response to fear.
Alexandra Brouillard, the primary investigator from Université du Québec à Montréal, discussed the study’s findings. The research revealed that women using combined oral contraceptives (COCs) had a thinner ventromedial prefrontal cortex compared to men. This brain area is linked to emotional regulation and the capacity to reduce fear responses in safe environments. Consequently, the study suggests that contraceptive users may experience abnormal brain reactions related to fear.
This discovery implies that combined oral contraceptives (COCs) have an impact on emotional regulation in women. Typically, when COCs are prescribed to females, various physical side effects are noted. These hormones can influence the menstrual cycle and prevent ovulation, as explained by Brouillard. However, particular emphasis was placed on the effects of sex hormones on the brain development of adolescents who use them. Given the widespread use of COCs, it is crucial to gain a more comprehensive understanding of their immediate and long-term effects on brain structure and emotional regulation, he shared.
The study involved multiple groups, including women presently using COCs, those with past COC usage, individuals who were currently abstaining, women who had never utilised hormonal contraception etc. This approach facilitated an examination of gender-related variances and an exploration of whether COC use was associated with immediate or lasting changes in brain structure among these varied categories. This inquiry held particular significance because women are more susceptible to anxiety and stress-related disorders compared to men.
It’s essential to acknowledge that the study has certain limitations. The findings do not establish a definitive connection between COC use and alterations in brain structure. It’s important to recognise that the results may not be universally applicable to the entire population. Furthermore, the study advises against making direct inferences from anatomical observations to behavioural and psychological consequences. Brouillard clarified that the research’s objective is not to discourage the use of COCs but rather to gain a deeper understanding of their impact on the brain.
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