Calculating Implicit Interest Manually
Define implicit interest. If you borrow money from someone and agree to pay it back with an additional amount, you are not specifying any interest or interest rate. Let's use the example that you borrow $100,000 from your brother and promise to pay him back in 5 years plus an extra $25,000. In order to find the interest rate that is "implicit" or "implied" in this agreement, you need to do a mathematical calculation. The formula you will use is total amount paid/amount borrowed raised to 1/number of periods = x. Then x-1 x100 = implicit interest rate.
Calculate the implicit interest amount. For the example in Step 1, first divide the total payback amount by the borrowed amount. In this example, you borrowed $100,000 and pay back a total of $125,000, so $125,000 divided by $100,000 is 1.25.
Determine the number of years to repay. Raise the result of the first step to the power of 1/n, where n is the number of periods interest is paid. For simplicity, we can use n=5 for 5 years to calculate the implied annual interest rate. Thus, 1.25^(1/5) = 1.25^0.2 = 1.0456.
Calculate the implied interest percent. Subtract 1 from the above result. Thus 1.0456-1 = 0.0456. Then multiply the above result by 100, to arrive at 4.56%, which is the implicit interest rate per year.
Calculating Implicit Interest Using a Spreadsheet
Collect information needed for the implicit interest spreadsheet formula. This includes the number of periods such as months, total amount borrowed, monthly payment, and total number of years. You can find this information in your loan agreement.
Launch a computer spreadsheet application to help you calculate the implicit interest. Common spreadsheet programs include Microsoft Excel and iWork Numbers. You will be entering the data from Step 1 into a formula bar on the spreadsheet.
Click on cell A1 and then on the formula bar located above the column names. If you are taking out a $300,000 real estate mortgage with monthly payments of $2,000 for 30 years, enter this function formula in the formula bar: =RATE(30*12,-2000,300000). Then hit return. The function calculates the value at .59%, which is a monthly interest rate. To annualize this monthly rate, multiply it by 12, and you get an implicit annual interest rate of 7.0203%.
Using Implied Interest
Determine implicit interest for leases. Many times business owners lease rather than purchase equipment. While lenders do not have to charge an explicit rate in a lease agreement in the U.S., finance firms making the loan are required to calculate the cost of borrowing for you. For example, a food products company needs to lease a large pasteurizing machine. They decide to lease rather than purchase it. If the total cost of the lease is $1,000 and the company makes 12 payments of $100 per month, then the lease agreement has an implicit interest rate of 20%.
Determine implicit interest for bond purchases. When purchasing bonds, an implicit interest rate is the difference between the current yield (dividend) paid on a bond and the rate that the bondholder will receive at a fixed point in the future. The implicit rate may change from the rate stated in the bond contract at the time of purchase, since bonds can rise or fall in value during the bond term. For example, you purchase bonds with a promised dividend of $5.00 per share to be paid in one year. Due to fluctuations in the marketplace, you receive $10.00 per share on the one-year due date. The implicit interest rate earned is 50%.
Calculate implicit interest before borrowing or leasing. If there is not an explicit interest stated, you should always calculate the implied interest rate before signing a lease or taking out a loan. This rate will determine your total financing expense. Do not rely only on monthly payment amounts or short-term yields on bonds before making financing decisions.
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